The basic principle of the laser gyroscope is based on the Sagnac effect. If a ring laser rotates at a constant angular velocity relative to inertial space, the resonant frequencies in the two directions are not synchronized. This is because the clockwise and counterclockwise light travels along different optical paths and the length of the optical cavity is slightly different.
The difference is the Sagnac frequency. By measuring the frequency difference between the two laser beams, the angular velocity or rotation angle of the object relative to inertial space can be determined.
The working principle of the laser gyroscope is as follows. A typical laser gyroscope consists of a ring laser propagating clockwise and counterclockwise in a ring cavity.If there is no angular motion, there is no interference when the two laser beams meet. If the object moves angularly, interference occurs when the two laser beams meet.Measuring the interference fringes and phase difference of the light can accurately measure the angular displacement of the object. And calculate the angular velocity.
In particular, the laser gyroscope has a laser ring. Its shape is generally triangular or rectangular. The laser generator generates the laser. After passing through the beam splitter, the laser is divided into two laser beams propagating in opposite directions. If there is no angular motion, there will be no interference when two laser beams meet. However, when two laser beams meet, interference will occur. By measuring the light interference pattern, the angular displacement of the object can be determined and its angle can be accurately calculated.The speed acts like a mechanical gyroscope.
The application range of laser gyroscopes is very wide. Its composition is: Inertial navigation system: Laser gyroscope is the main component of the inertial navigation system. It is used to accurately detect the coordinates of objects in inertial space. And used in the navigation system of aircraft, ships and missiles.
In the fields of aviation, navigation and aerospace, laser gyroscopes can provide high-precision data. It is suitable for various occasions requiring high-precision positioning and navigation.
In addition, laser gyroscopes are divided into active and passive types. The active laser gyroscope has an expansion medium in the ring cavity. It is basically a ring laser that can emit light in two directions at the same time. The passive gyroscope has no medium to receive the value in the ring cavity. And it is blocked by the laser injected from the outside.Determine the resonant mode of the optical ring cavity in two directions.
In summary, the laser gyroscopes is a high-performance inertial navigation instrument that plays an important role in today's aviation, navigation, aerospace and other fields. It can accurately measure the position of moving objects and has the characteristics of high precision. It has no moving parts, is easy to maintain, and has high reliability.
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