The modern fiber optic gyroscope is an instrument that can accurately determine the orientation of a moving object. It is an inertial navigation instrument widely used in modern aviation, navigation, aerospace and defense industries. Its development has very important strategic significance for the development of a country's industry, defense and other high-tech.
The fiber optic gyroscope is a sensitive element based on an optical fiber coil. The light emitted by the laser diode propagates along the optical fiber in two directions. The different light propagation paths determine the angular displacement of the sensitive element.
Compared with traditional mechanical gyroscopes, the advantages of fiber optic gyroscopes are all solid-state, no rotating parts and friction parts, long life, large dynamic range, instant start, simple structure, small size and light weight. Compared with laser gyroscopes, fiber optic gyroscopes have no locking problem, and do not need to precisely process the optical path on the quartz block, so the cost is relatively low.
The realization of fiber optic gyroscope is mainly based on the Segnik theory: when a light beam travels in a circular channel, if the circular channel itself has a rotation speed, then the time required for the light to travel along the direction of the channel's rotation is longer than the time required to travel along the opposite direction of the channel's rotation. In other words, when the optical loop rotates, the optical path of the optical loop will change in different directions of travel relative to the optical path of the loop when it is stationary. By using this change in the optical path, the phase difference or interference fringes of the two optical paths can be detected, and the angular velocity of the optical path rotation can be measured. This is the working principle of the fiber optic gyroscope.
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